Basic questions in C,Cinterview questions,TCS , Infosys, IBM
C interview questions. 10 Diffrence between C & C++
Basic C questions:
•10 Major Differences Between C And C++
C++, as the name suggests is a superset of C. As a matter of fact, C++ can run most of C code while C cannot run C++ code. Here are the 10 major differences between C++ & C...
1. C follows the procedural programming paradigm while C++ is a multi-paradigm language(procedural as well as object oriented)
In case of C, importance is given to the steps or procedure of the program while C++ focuses on the data rather than the process.
Also, it is easier to implement/edit the code in case of C++ for the same reason.
2. In case of C, the data is not secured while the data is secured(hidden) in C++
This difference is due to specific OOP features like Data Hiding which are not present in C.
3. C is a low-level language while C++ is a middle-level language (Relatively, Please see the discussion at the end of the post)
C is regarded as a low-level language(difficult interpretation & less user friendly) while C++ has features of both low-level(concentration on whats going on in the machine hardware) & high-level languages(concentration on the program itself) & hence is regarded as a middle-level language.
4. C uses the top-down approach while C++ uses the bottom-up approach
In case of C, the program is formulated step by step, each step is processed into detail while in C++, the base elements are first formulated which then are linked together to give rise to larger systems.
5. C is function-driven while C++ is object-driven
Functions are the building blocks of a C program while objects are building blocks of a C++ program.
6. C++ supports function overloading while C does not
Overloading means two functions having the same name in the same program. This can be done only in C++ with the help of Polymorphism(an OOP feature)
7. We can use functions inside structures in C++ but not in C.
In case of C++, functions can be used inside a structure while structures cannot contain functions in C.
8. The NAMESPACE feature in C++ is absent in case of C
C++ uses NAMESPACE which avoid name collisions. For instance, two students enrolled in the same university cannot have the same roll number while two students in different universities might have the same roll number. The universities are two different namespace & hence contain the same roll number(identifier) but the same university(one namespace) cannot have two students with the same roll number(identifier)
9. The standard input & output functions differ in the two languages
C uses scanf & printf while C++ uses cin>> & cout<< as their respective input & output functions
10. C++ allows the use of reference variables while C does not
Reference variables allow two variable names to point to the same memory location. We cannot use these variables in C programming.
11. C++ supports Exception Handling while C does not.
•What is literal in c program?
A literal is a constant expressed in code. For instance...
int a = 1234;
... the "1234" part is the literal. Often, unless the compilers recognizes the constant and can generate code to reproduce it, it will simply copy it into the program text segment and then copy it, in this case, into the symbol a.
More often, literals are string constants, such as
char myHelloString[] = "Hello, World!\n";
or
char *myHelloStringPtr = "Hello, World!\n";
Be careful in this case, because myHelloStringPtr is a pointer to an array of char, which is most likely located in read-only memory, and attempting to change it might cause a segmentation fault.
•What does void keyword implies when used to the left of function name in function definitions ?
Answer :
void to the left of function name in function definition indicates that function will not return a value.
Basic C questions:
•10 Major Differences Between C And C++
C++, as the name suggests is a superset of C. As a matter of fact, C++ can run most of C code while C cannot run C++ code. Here are the 10 major differences between C++ & C...
1. C follows the procedural programming paradigm while C++ is a multi-paradigm language(procedural as well as object oriented)
In case of C, importance is given to the steps or procedure of the program while C++ focuses on the data rather than the process.
Also, it is easier to implement/edit the code in case of C++ for the same reason.
2. In case of C, the data is not secured while the data is secured(hidden) in C++
This difference is due to specific OOP features like Data Hiding which are not present in C.
3. C is a low-level language while C++ is a middle-level language (Relatively, Please see the discussion at the end of the post)
C is regarded as a low-level language(difficult interpretation & less user friendly) while C++ has features of both low-level(concentration on whats going on in the machine hardware) & high-level languages(concentration on the program itself) & hence is regarded as a middle-level language.
4. C uses the top-down approach while C++ uses the bottom-up approach
In case of C, the program is formulated step by step, each step is processed into detail while in C++, the base elements are first formulated which then are linked together to give rise to larger systems.
5. C is function-driven while C++ is object-driven
Functions are the building blocks of a C program while objects are building blocks of a C++ program.
6. C++ supports function overloading while C does not
Overloading means two functions having the same name in the same program. This can be done only in C++ with the help of Polymorphism(an OOP feature)
7. We can use functions inside structures in C++ but not in C.
In case of C++, functions can be used inside a structure while structures cannot contain functions in C.
8. The NAMESPACE feature in C++ is absent in case of C
C++ uses NAMESPACE which avoid name collisions. For instance, two students enrolled in the same university cannot have the same roll number while two students in different universities might have the same roll number. The universities are two different namespace & hence contain the same roll number(identifier) but the same university(one namespace) cannot have two students with the same roll number(identifier)
9. The standard input & output functions differ in the two languages
C uses scanf & printf while C++ uses cin>> & cout<< as their respective input & output functions
10. C++ allows the use of reference variables while C does not
Reference variables allow two variable names to point to the same memory location. We cannot use these variables in C programming.
11. C++ supports Exception Handling while C does not.
•What is literal in c program?
A literal is a constant expressed in code. For instance...
int a = 1234;
... the "1234" part is the literal. Often, unless the compilers recognizes the constant and can generate code to reproduce it, it will simply copy it into the program text segment and then copy it, in this case, into the symbol a.
More often, literals are string constants, such as
char myHelloString[] = "Hello, World!\n";
or
char *myHelloStringPtr = "Hello, World!\n";
Be careful in this case, because myHelloStringPtr is a pointer to an array of char, which is most likely located in read-only memory, and attempting to change it might cause a segmentation fault.
•What does void keyword implies when used to the left of function name in function definitions ?
Answer :
void to the left of function name in function definition indicates that function will not return a value.